Gore vs. Bush essays

Gore vs. Bush essays Who will be our next president? Vice President Al Gore or Governor George W. Bush. The two politics squared off to gain a political advantage over the other, in hope to gain an advantage and coming one step closer to being the next president. The first article about the political debate is called, Taxes, health care dominant debate. This article was published in The Spokesman-Review. In Boston around 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Al Gore and George W. Bush squared off to debate issues that may change the history of our country. In the first of three debates that could change the course of a tight presidential election, Vice President Al Gore repeatedly criticized one of the centerpieces of George W. Bushs campaign as a tax cut for the wealthy and Bush struck back by accusing Gore time and again of skewing facts. As the two debated which candidate has the best plan for prescription drug coverage, Gore accused Bush of providing coverage to only 5% of seniors, while Gore said he would cover 100 percent. The five percent of Bushs plan are the wealthy. Gore claimed that Bushs plan would take 4 to 5 years to cover the average to poor people on Medicare. Bush argued this point claiming that Gore was lying. One of the strongest clashes occurred over Gores oft stated charge that the bulk of Bushs tax cut would disproportionately benefit the wealthy. Gore and Bush fought back and fourth exchanging arguments after arguments, but the jabs and counter jabs occurred most frequently over the competing tax plans. Why is that the wealthiest 1 percent get their tax cuts the first year, but 95 percent of seniors have to wait four or five years before they get a single penny? Gore asked. Bush replied, The mans running on Mediscare, trying to frighten people in the voting booth. ...

Pronouncing the N in Spanish

Pronouncing the N in Spanish The n of Spanish has three sounds, which are determined by the sound that follows. Two of the sounds of n commonly appear in English in much the same way, and the third one does occasionally. The most common sound for the n is similar to the n in words such as nice and dance. For Spanish speakers, the tongue may be a bit farther forward than what it is for many English speakers, at the top of the teeth rather than on the ridge between the teeth and the roof of the mouth. When the n is followed by an m or p, it has the same sound as the m. This phenomenon occurs in a few English words during casual speech. One of them is input, which is often pronounced the way that imput would be. Since the n is pronounced as an m when an m follows it, in effect the n becomes silent. Thus, for example, inmigracià ³n is pronounced the same as if the word were imigracià ³n. You might observe that many English cognates of Spanish words where the n has the m use the m in the English version. For example, à ©nfasis is the equivalent of emphasis and inmenso is the equivalent of immense. Note that the following sound doesnt have to be in the same word as the n, only pronounced immediately afterward. So con permiso is pronounced the same as compermiso would be. This running of words together, where the sounds of one word affect those of another, is known as elision. The third sound of the n occurs when it is followed by the k or hard  g sounds. Note that the k sound can be spelled using qu or with a c that is not followed by an i or e. The sound in these cases is much the same as in English when the n is followed by the same sounds, in words such as single or sink. Note that in these words the tongue doesnt touch the front of the mouth, and the sound comes from the back of the mouth as it prepares to pronounce the following sound. Thus the n of bank and the n of banco are similar. In our brief ​audio lesson on the n sound you can hear the phrases buenos dà ­as (good morning), lo siento mucho (Im very sorry), con permiso (excuse me), encantado de conocerla (pleased to meet you), and the word inglà ©s (English). The sound of the n should not be confused with the sound of the à ±, which is a separate letter of the Spanish alphabet.

The Independent Government Cost Estimate and the Statement of Work Research Paper

The Independent Government Cost Estimate and the Statement of Work - Research Paper Example The report evaluates the importance of the importance of the IGCE and provides reasons for confidentiality of the IGCE. It also proposes actions that should be taken in order to maintain the confidentiality of the IGCE. The report also provides a detailed cost estimate for the project. In this report, the types of statement of work (SOW) in regard to compatibility with this contract have been evaluated to determine the most appropriate type of statement of work (SOW) for this contract. Importance of the IGCE The Independent Government Cost Estimate is very important in the acquisition process. This is because the Independent Government Cost Estimate will assist in determining the rationality of a contractor’s cost and technical proposals and gain assurance that there is a congruence in ideas between the Federal Government’s contract awarding office and contract vendors pertaining to the scope of the contract. Secondly, the Independent Government Cost Estimate will assis t in developing and presenting the position of the Government. An Independent Government Cost Estimate is normally based on actual costs (NAVSEA, 2013). Third, when an Independent Government Cost Estimate is in place, it will help to avoid or to alleviate against major risks and adverse consequences. This will improve the probability of purchase and project success. Furthermore, the Independent Government Cost Estimate will enable resource managers to plan and budget confidently because it offers a reasonable assurance of cost. It will determine the selection of sources because it acts as a baseline for cost or price evaluation (Ipsaro, 2011). This is what will help in the determination and choice of the right offeror. An Independent Government Cost Estimate helps the Government in cost estimation and supports government defense if a vendor loses the competition and protests the decision (Ipsaro, 2011). This Independent Government Cost Estimate will be used to speed up the process o f contract award because it a solid Independent Government Cost Estimate. The Independent Government Cost Estimate is important because it will be used by contracting officer’s technical representatives to estimate a reasonable cost or price of a contract modification when changes in scope occur during the contract’s period of performance. Contracting officer’s technical representatives monitor a contract’s cost or budget schedule during a contract’s administration (Ipsaro, 2011). Further, this Independent Government Cost Estimate will be essential in estimating contract cost with accuracy and confidence. This is because the Independent Government Cost Estimate will use market research to obtain data that will be used for price analysis. Such market research data will include labor standards, analysis of cost trends for direct labor and material, to avoid past inefficiencies creeping into the proposal. The Independent Government Cost Estimate will determine whether the elements of the offeror are realistic for the work to be performed. It will also help in determining and establishing whether offerors reflect a clear understanding of the requirements of the contract. Third, the Independent Government Cost Estimate will help in establishing the consistency of the contractors with the unique methods of performance and materials that will be described in the offerors’ technical proposals (Engelbeck, 2002). Finally, the Independent

Software System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Software System Development - Essay Example This pejorative form of the noun "hack" is even used among users of the positive sense of "hacker". The nuclear power plant's project manager who has already entered into contract with the software house should have considered all the aspects of software house before awarding the contract. Though the nuclear power plant has every right to question and demand the details of the employees working with the software house, however the software house need not provide the data as they feel it as a trade secret. The Project Manager being a higher official is not entitled to hack the database of the supplier company and grab the details on the basis of ex-employees information. This is a bad practice on the part of buyer. This type of action would affect buyer-seller relationship among the firms. For effective business process the exchange partners should have mutual trust and cooperation. According to Moorman, Deshpande, and Zaltman (Moorman et al, 1993) trust is willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence. According to Achrol (Achrol et al, 1991), Morgan and Hunt trust is a major determinant of relationship commitment. Thus the decision of Project Manager to hack the database of software house can be considered as breach of trust. The Project Manager instead of hacking the database can demand the software house to prove their employees skills to complete the project through negotiations. It would be onus duty on the part of supplier to prove his capabilities. The action of hacking is against legal procedures and the trespasser can be prosecuted under the following cyber laws: Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (as amended Oct. 3, 1996) section 1030,a hacker is liable to be punished for knowingly and intent to defraud, accesses a protected computer without authorization In Western Australia under section 440A of criminal code under the heading 'unlawful operation of a computer system'. The hacker can be prosecuted. (www.aic.gov.au ,11,2006) References 1. Network Security and Ethical Hacking by Rajat Khare, 1st Edition, 2006. 2. Factors affecting the trust in market research relationships by Moorman, Deshpande, and Zaltman. Journal of Marketing, 57(January), 81-101. 3. Evolution of the marketing organization by Achrol .Journal of Marketing, 55(October), 77-93. Answer 2 System Development Life Cycle (SLDC) is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. SLDC has three primary objectives: ensure that high quality systems are delivered, providing strong management controls over the projects, and maximize the productivity of the systems staff. In order to meet these objectives the SLDC has many specific requirements it must meet including: being able to support projects and systems of various scopes and types, supporting all of the technical activities, supporting all of the management activities, being highly usable, and providing guidance on how to install it. The technical activities include system definition, that is, analysis, design, coding, testing, system installation ( Training, data

Sallust and the Fall of Rome Essay Example for Free

Sallust and the Fall of Rome Essay Sallust also said â€Å"at home they lived frugally and never betrayed a friend†. This means they were always kind and never betrayed anyone. This was all before money became a factor. Sallust could see that Rome was becoming greedy and started to care only about money and knew Rome was going to collapse. He said â€Å"as soon as wealth came to be a mark of distinction and an easy way to renown, military commands and political power, virtue began to decline†. This was before the actual fall of Rome but it was absolutely correct. Rome began to fall apart over money and never went back. They ended up fighting themselves over money and that allowed others to take over. Sallust also said â€Å"such men, it seems to me, have treated their wealth as a mere plaything: instead of making honorable use of it, they have shamefully misused it on the first wasteful project that occurred to them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This sums up how the thought of money as a toy and used it on the first thing they saw. This greed made Rome fall. Rome was the greatest empire of its time but all things come to an end. Some things ended with war or disease but Rome fell because of the greed of the people there. Greed never leads to anything good and this is probably the best example of that in history. Sallust was completely right when he predicted the fall of Rome over money but no one listened and that was the end of Rome.

Alienation in The Catcher in the Rye and The Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

The theme of alienation is relevant in both â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath. It is an idea presented very prominently in both books, expressed through characters, actions, and events. The Catcher in the Rye focuses on Holden Caulfield, a socially inadequate, sixteen year old boy who distances himself from others as a display of mental superiority driven by the idea he possesses that everyone is a phony, while he appears to be the only one who has remained genuine and authentic in today’s society. Like The Catcher in the Rye, a significant subject of The Grapes of Wrath is isolation from modern culture. The Joad family, upon their arrival in California, are estranged and avoided because they are labeled as â€Å"Oakies† on account of their origination from Oklahoma. They are regarded as dirty, unwanted people, on a quest to take advantage of prospering California. They are treated as though inferior mainly because of their socioeconomic status, which is considerably lower than the farmers of California. Though Holden Caulfield’s alienation from others is intentional, while the Joad family is inadvertently segregated, the motif of isolation is still pertinent in both novels. Holden’s dissociation from his few friends and anyone else he encounters is based on his belief that everyone is a phony and he is above them on some level because he is capable of observing this phoniness and avoiding it, and the Joad family is discriminated against because of their being from Oklahoma. The motives of the Joad family and Holden, however, are completely opposite. The Joad’s strive for acceptance in California from anyone who thinks poorly of them, when Holden ‘s intentions are to be cynical and to disregard the phonies with his eccentric personality. Another significant difference in both The Grapes of Wrath and The Catcher in the Rye with regard to isolation are the forms of isolation, which are presented. Holden is mentally isolated, avoiding social situations and even when in them, distancing himself from people with the conviction that whomever he may be associating with is not worth his time, while the Joad family is physically outcast. The police force in the area turn them away when they ask for assistance and burn their camps as a display of superiority and as a way of physically secluding them from California natives. Again this presents the point that Holden chooses to estrange himself as the Joad’s would much rather be received by people without hostility and the intention of driving them away.

An Ideal Performance Evaluation System Commerce Essay

â€Å" Most folks scoff at the thought that there might be a perfect system for making employee public presentation assessment. They think that since their organisation is â€Å" alone, † so their system for analysing employee public presentation must be alone, excessively. How foolish. Do n't jeer – there is an ideal method for the appraisal procedure. In administrations that take employee public presentation assessment earnestly and utilize the procedure good, the system maps as an ongoing procedure – non simply an one-year event. † – Dick Grote 1. Among Performance Appraisal experts, there is a important sum of understanding that there is an ideal rhythm that, if followed, will by and large bring forth superior consequences 1. The distinguishable stages or the figure of stairss of this rhythm, nevertheless, varies across the literature available. While Dick Grote identifies four distinct phases2, Stephen P Robbins 3 lineations six different stairss. Back place in India, direction expert, Subba Rao 4 divides the rhythm into nine stairss. Before showing an ideal public presentation rating system, it is of import to reexamine the assorted methods or techniques that have been developed along with the development of appraisal systems. A few of the of import 1s are outlined in the succeeding paragraphs.Methods and Techniques for Appraisal2. Graphic Rating Scales. This is the simplest and most popular method for measuring public presentation and offers a high grade of structure.5. It compares single public presentation to an absol ute criterion, with each employee trait or characteristic rated on a bipolar graduated table that normally has several points runing from â€Å" hapless † to â€Å" first-class † ( or some similar agreement ) . The supervisor rates each subsidiary by circling or look intoing the mark that best describes his or her public presentation for each trait. The assigned values for the traits are so totalled. The traits assessed on these graduated tables include employee properties such as cooperation, communications ability, enterprise, promptness and proficient ( work accomplishments ) competency. The nature and range of the traits selected for inclusion is limited merely by the imaginativeness of the graduated table ‘s interior decorator, or by the administration ‘s demand to cognize. The one major proviso in choosing traits is that they should be in some manner relevant to the appraisee ‘s occupation. The traits selected by some administrations have been u nwise and have resulted in legal action on the evidences of discrimination.6 3. Advantages. The following are the advantages of following this system: – ( a ) Graphic Rater Scales are structured and standardised. This allows evaluations to be easy compared and contrasted – even for full work forces. Each employee is subjected to the same basic assessment procedure and evaluation standards, with the same scope of responses. This encourages equality in intervention for all appraisees and imposes standard steps of public presentation across all parts of the organization.7 ( B ) Rating scale methods are besides really simple to utilize and understand. The construct of the evaluation graduated table makes obvious sense ; both valuators and appraisees have an intuitive grasp for the simple and efficient logic of the bipolar graduated table. The consequence is widespread credence and popularity for this attack. 4. Disadvantages. The major drawbacks of the evaluation graduated table have been discussed below: – ( a ) Trait Relevance. The traits selected may non be relevant in the same grade across all occupations of the appraisees. For illustration, the trait â€Å" instructional ability † might non be really of import in a occupation that is tightly defined and stiffly structured. In such instances, a low assessment evaluation for the same may non intend that an employee lacks the ability. Rather, it may reflect the fact that an employee has few chances to utilize and expose that peculiar trait. ( B ) Systemic Disadvantage. Rating graduated tables, and the traits selected, by and large attempt to supply an overall appraisal standards or criterion for the apraisees. There is an premise that all the possible indexs of public presentation are included, and all false and irrelevant indexs are excluded. This is an premise really hard to turn out in pattern. It is possible that an employee ‘s public presentation may depend on factors that have non been included in the selected traits. Such employees may stop up with evaluations that do non genuinely or reasonably reflect their attempt or value to the organisation. Employees in this category are systemically disadvantaged by the evaluation graduated table method. ( degree Celsius ) Perceptual Errors. This includes assorted well-known jobs of selective perceptual experience ( such as the horns and halos consequence ) every bit good as jobs of sensed significance. Selective perceptual experience is the human inclination to do private and extremely subjective appraisals of what a individual is â€Å" truly similar † , and so seek grounds to back up that position ( while disregarding or understating grounds that might belie it ) . 8 In other words, we see in others what we want to see in them. An illustration is the supervisor who believes that an employee is inherently good ( halo consequence ) and so ignores grounds that might propose otherwise. On the other manus, a supervisor may hold formed the feeling that an employee is bad ( horns consequence ) . The supervisor becomes unreasonably rough in their appraisal of the employee and ever ready to knock and sabotage them. ( vitamin D ) Perceived Meaning. Problems of sensed significance occur when valuators do non portion the same sentiment about the significance of the selected traits and the linguistic communication used on the evaluation graduated tables. For illustration, to one valuator, an employee may show the trait of inaugural by describing work jobs to a supervisor. To another valuator, this might propose an inordinate dependance on supervisory aid – and therefore a deficiency of enterprise. ( vitamin E ) Rating Mistakes. The job here is non so much mistakes in perceptual experience as mistakes in valuator opinion and motivation. Unlike perceptual mistakes, these mistakes may be ( at times ) deliberate. The most common evaluation mistake is cardinal inclination. Busy valuators, or those wary of confrontations and reverberations, may be tempted to dole out excessively many inactive, centrist evaluations ( e.g. â€Å" satisfactory † or â€Å" equal † ) , irrespective of the existent public presentation of a subsidiary. Thus the spread of evaluations tends to clop overly around the center of the graduated table. This job is worsened in administrations where the assessment procedure does non bask strong direction support, or where the valuators do non experience confident with the undertaking of assessment. 5. Ranking Method. Ranking employees from best to pip on a trait or traits is another option. Since it is normally easier to separate between the worst and best employees, an alternation ranking method is most popular. First, list all subsidiaries to be rated, and so traverse out the names of any non known good plenty to rank. Then, on a signifier indicate the employee who is the highest on the characteristic being measured and besides the 1 who is the lowest. Then take the following highest and the following lowest, jumping between highest and lowest until all employees have been ranked. 9 6. Paired Comparison Method. In this method all possible braces of employees are formed.10 The judge indicates which single in each brace is a better performing artist. An employee ‘s rank is determined by the figure of times he or she is chosen as the better performing artist in a brace. The individual chosen most frequently is ranked foremost. Use of this method requires the comparing of many braces even when the entire figure of employees is non really big. This method helps to do the superior method more precise, though it is more complicated than consecutive ranking. 7. Checklist Methods. The checklist is a simple evaluation technique in which the supervisor is given a list of statements or words and asked to look into statements stand foring the features and public presentation of each employee. There are three types of checklist methods viz. , simple checklist, weighted, and forced pick method. ( a ) Simple Checklist. The checklist consists of a big figure of statements9 like â€Å" is he punctual † or â€Å" is his behavior gracious † etc. The rater cheques to bespeak if the behavior of an employee is positive or negative to each statement. Employee public presentation is rated on the footing of figure of positive cheques. The negative cheques are non considered. A trouble may originate because the words or statements may hold different significances to different raters. ( B ) Weighted Checklists. This involves burdening different points in the checklist, to bespeak that some are more of import than others. The public presentation evaluations are multiplied by the weights of the statements and the coefficients are added up. The leaden public presentation mark is compared with the overall appraisal criterions to happen out the overall public presentation of the person. However, it is expensive to plan, and clip consuming. Though this method is appraising every bit good as developmental, it has the basic job of the judge non cognizing the points which contribute most to successful public presentation. 8. Critical Incident Method. With this method the supervisor keeps a log of positive and negative illustrations ( critical incidents ) of a subsidiary ‘s work related behaviors. Every six months or so, supervisor and low-level meet to discourse the latter ‘s public presentation, utilizing the incidents as illustrations. This method has several advantages. It provides illustrations of good and hapless public presentation the supervisor can utilize to explicate the individual ‘s evaluation. It makes the supervisor think about the subsidiary ‘s assessment all during the twelvemonth ( so the evaluation does non merely reflect the employee ‘s most recent public presentation ) . The list provides illustrations of what specifically the subsidiary can make to extinguish lacks. The downside is that without some numerical evaluation, this method is non excessively utile for comparing employees or for salary determinations. Besides it is clip devouring for the judg es, and it may be difficult to quantify or construction the incidents into a concluding narrative rating. 9. Try or Free Form Appraisal. This method requires the trough to compose a short essay depicting each employee ‘s public presentation during the evaluation period. This format emphasises rating of overall public presentation, based on strengths/weaknesses of employee public presentation, instead than specific occupation dimensions. The downside is the clip involved, there is no common criterion, and the essay composing accomplishments may be unequal with different judges. 10. Group Appraisals. Under this an employee is appraised by a group of valuators, dwelling of the immediate supervisor, other supervisors who have close contact with the employees work, directors or caputs of section and advisers. The group appraises the public presentation based on comparing with set criterions, finds out divergences, discusses grounds thereof and suggests ways to better public presentation. This method is widely used for intents of publicity, demotion and retrenchment assessment. 11. Assessment Centre. This method was foremost developed by the German ground forces in1930. This is non a technique of public presentation assessment by itself but is a system, where appraisal of several persons is done by assorted experts, utilizing assorted techniques. Persons from assorted sections are brought together to pass two or three yearss working on an person or group assignment similar to the 1s they would be managing when promoted. Perceivers rank the public presentation of each participant in order to deserve. All assesses get an equal chance to demo their endowments and capablenesss and secure publicities based on virtue. The Centre besides enables persons working in low position sections to vie with people from good known sections and heighten their publicity opportunities. 12. Management by Aims. MBO requires the director to put specific mensurable ends with each employee and so sporadically discourse the latter ‘s advancement toward these ends. The term MBO by and large refers to a comprehensive and formal administration broad end scene and appraisal plan consisting of six stairss: ( a ) Set the administration ‘s end. ( B ) Set departmental ends. ( degree Celsius ) Discuss departmental ends ( vitamin D ) Define expected consequences and set single ends ( vitamin E ) Performance reappraisal. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Provide feedback. 13. There are three jobs with MBO: ( a ) Puting ill-defined ends ( B ) It is clip devouring ( degree Celsius ) Puting aims with the subsidiary turns into a jerk of war with the direction forcing for higher aims and the subsidiary forcing for lower 1s.The Ideal Performance Appraisal Cycle14. Advisers who help administrations make effectual public presentation assessments, academicians who study the public presentation assessment procedure, human resource directors, and organizational development practicians with companies that have successfully developed their ain public presentation assessment systems come to the same decision: public presentation assessment does n't get down with the signifier, it starts with the occupation – planning what needs to be done and calculating out how it will be accomplished. 11 15. An organizational scheme is a requirement for developing an overall public presentation direction system. Before any appraisal of an person ‘s public presentation can be made, the administration ‘s way must be clarified and communicated. Until the end of the administration has non been decided, it would be bootless to make up one's mind the ends for single units or the worker ‘s public presentation appraisal criterions. Authoritative MBO ( Management by aims ) theory, the nucleus doctrine behind most successful assessment systems, begins with the demand that the administration formulate long term ends and strategic programs. These programs lead to overall organizational aims and the procedure continues downward to derivative aims for single units and subdivisions, boulder clay every member of the administration has specific and mensurable aims in consonant rhyme with the ends of the administration. Once an understanding is reached between the supervisor and the subsidiary on the occupation particulars, the following measure is to realize it, followed by the assessment, sooner by both the valuator and the appraisee. The reappraisal of the public presentation is done in a face to confront meeting. Thereafter the procedure begins afresh. Thus the ideal public presentation assessment rhythm can be divided into four stages: – 16. The Evaluation Process. The rating procedure involves: – ( a ) Performance Planning. An administration must hold its mission clearly defined prior to set abouting the public presentation assessment procedure. If the org does non hold a specific way, powerful attempts on the portion of its members wo n't supply consequences. At the clip that a occupation is designed and a occupation description formulated, public presentation criterions should besides be developed for the place. These criterions and aims should be clear and adequate to be understood and measured. Obscure phrases should non be used to specify the criterions. 12 ( B ) Communicate Performance Expectations to Employees. The valuator and the appraisee meet to be after for the approaching twelvemonth. In the treatment, they come to an understanding about five major countries: – ( I ) The cardinal answerabilities of the subsidiary ‘s occupation i.e. the major countries within which he is responsible for acquiring consequences. ( two ) The specific objectives the subsidiary will accomplish within each answerability country ( three ) The criterions that will be used to measure how good the subsidiary has achieved each aim. ( four ) The public presentation factors, competences etc that will be critical in finding how the consequences will be achieved ( how he will carry on the occupation ) . ( V ) The elements of the development program the low-level shall finish during the twelvemonth. 17. This treatment generates an improved employee public presentation as he knows precisely what is expected of them. Furthermore, the valuator can now keep the appraisee accountable. 18. Employee Performance Execution. Over the class of the twelvemonth, employee public presentation should be focused on accomplishing the ends, aims and cardinal duties of the occupation. The superior provides aid and feedback to the person so as to increase the chance of success and creates conditions that motivate and besides decide any jobs that may originate. 19. The valuator and the appraisee meet sporadically to reexamine advancement toward the programs and ends discussed in the employee public presentation planning meeting. The appraisee must seek out a feedback and the needed counsel for the hereafter. Besides elements of the program that have become disused are abandoned by common understanding and new aims to react to altering conditions are established. 20. Employee Performance Assessment. At the clip for the formal employee public presentation assessment, the valuator reflects on how good the subsidiary has performed over the class of the twelvemonth, assembles the assorted signifiers and paperwork that the organisation provides to do this appraisal, and fills them out. The Appraiser and appraisee independently measure the grade to which the different elements of the one-year program were achieved. The valuator completes an appraisal of the subsidiary ‘s public presentation and typically has it reviewed and approved by senior direction before discoursing it with the subsidiary. In an ideal system, the subsidiary besides completes a self appraisal, roll uping informations, if necessary, from equals, subsidiaries, and others. The subsidiary may subject the ego assessment to the valuator to be used as a portion of his overall appraisal. 21. Employee Performance Review. The valuator and the low-level meet, to reexamine their assessments. They discuss the consequences that were achieved and the public presentation factors that contributed to their achievement. The treatment includes: Consequences achieved ( what was done ) . Performance or behavioral effectivity ( how it was done ) . Overall public presentation appraisal. Development. At the terminal of the reappraisal meeting they set a day of the month to run into once more to keep an employee public presentation planning treatment for the approaching 12 months, get downing the procedure anew. 22. This public presentation assessment procedure non merely transforms employee public presentation direction from an one-year event to an ongoing rhythm, it besides tightly links the public presentation of each member with the mission and values of the administration as a whole. The existent value of the system is in concentrating everyone ‘s attending on what is truly of import i.e. the accomplishment of the administration ‘s strategic ends through presentation of the administration ‘s vision and values in each employee ‘s daily behavior. 23. In the best-run and most efficient administrations, employee public presentation assessment is a critical and vigorous direction tool. No other direction procedure has every bit much influence on persons ‘ callings and work lives. Employee public presentation assessment can concentrate each individual ‘s attending on the company ‘s mission, vision and values. Besides ideally, the procedure can reply the two cardinal inquiries that every individual individual in the organisation wants the replies to: What do you anticipate of me? And how am I making?________________________________1. Richard C Grote â€Å" Complete usher to appraisal systems †2. Dick Grote â€Å" htpp//ezine articles.com/expert: †3. Stephen P Robbins â€Å" Management of Human Resources †4. Subba Rao â€Å" Personnel/human Resource Management †5. Archer North â€Å" Performance assessment systems ; www.pasystems.com †6. Ibid p87. Ibid p88. Ibid p109. Subba Rao à ¢â‚¬Å" Personnel/human Resource direction †10. Fisher, Schoenfeldt, Shaw â€Å" Human resource direction † .11 Richard C Grote â€Å" Complete usher to appraisal systems †12. Archer North â€Å" Performance assessment systems ; www.pasystems.com †

Physics Key Points

A force can do one of four things to an object: 1. Make it speed up – accelerate. 2. Make it slow down – decelerate. 3. Change its direction. 4. Change its shape. If something is doing one of these four things there must be net force acting upon it. Newton's First Law ‘Every body continues in a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. ‘ Something without net force acting on it will either stay still or move at a constant speed in a straight line until you apply a force to it. F = ma Newton's Second Law: †¢ F is the force in Newton’s, N. m is the mass in kilograms, kg. †¢ a is the acceleration in m/s2. This shows that if you keep the mass constant and double the applied force the acceleration will double. Hooke's Law, elastic and plastic behaviour F = kx An elastic material is one that will return to its original shape when the force applied to it is taken away. A plastic (or inelastic) material is one that stay s deformed after you have taken the force away. If you apply too big a force a material will lose its elasticity. In solids If a force is applied over a smaller surface area you get a larger pressure. Pressure can be calculated using the following equation: Pressure = force/area Force will be in Newton’s, N. Area will be in either m2 or cm2. If the area is in m2 then the pressure will be measured in Pascal’s or N/m2. If the area is in cm2 then the pressure will be in N/cm2. In liquids 1. Pressure increases with depth. 2. Pressure acts equally in all directions. 3. Pressure is transmitted through liquids. Hydraulics All hydraulics systems work because the pressure is the same throughout the system. A really good example of this is a car brake system. You need to know all about this for your exams. In gases Although gases are compressible (squashy) they exert a pressure because of the gas particles bouncing off things. Boyle's Law For a fixed mass of gas the pressure x the volume of the gas stays the same. In other words, as you squeeze a gas its pressure will go up and its volume will get less. Important point: The temperature and mass of gas must stay the same for this to be true! We can write this as: Pressure x volume = constant or P1V1 = P2V2 Moments Moments make things turn or rotate. They are caused by forces but are not forces themselves. Like forces, moments have a direction. We say they are either clockwise or anti-clockwise, to show which way they will make something turn. The bigger the force causing the turning effect the bigger the moment will be. The further the force is from the pivot the bigger the moment will be. The size of a moment can be calculated using: Moment = Force x Distance Force is measured in Newton’s, N. Distance is measured in either m or cm. If the distance is in m then the moment will be measured in Nm. If the distance is in cm then the moment will be measured in Ncm. Distance As we all know, the distance between two points is how far apart they are. In science, we normally use metres as our unit. We often represent how the distance between two points changes using a distance: time graph. Speed Speed is how fast something is going. It is how quickly something covers a certain distance and can be worked out using the equation: Speed = distance/time Acceleration This is how quickly something gets faster. So if you were running and getting 1m/s faster every second you would have had an acceleration of 1 m per second per second. We normally write this 1 m/s2. We work out by the equation: Acceleration = change in speed/time taken Frequency, wavelength, amplitude and time period are used to describe waves. Waves can be transverse or longitudinal. Transverse waves – the vibration is at right angles to the wave motion, e. g. light, water waves and the electromagnetic spectrum waves. Longitudinal waves – the vibration is parallel to the wave motion, e. g. sound and some earthquake waves. Wave Speed (m/s) = Frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) Reflection is the bouncing of waves off a surface. There are three rules of reflection that you need to know. 1. The angle of incidence always equals the angle or reflection. 2. The distance from the object to mirror is the same as the distance from the mirror to the image. 3. The image is always the same size as the object but is laterally inverted. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it goes from one substance into another. Refraction happens because the speed and wavelength of the wave changes as the wave goes into the other substance. The frequency of the wave stays the same. Total internal reflection happens when the angle of incidence, of a wave going from a substance into air, is greater than the critical angle. The wave bounces off the boundary, obeying the rules of reflection. Dispersion of white light produces a spectrum. This is caused by refraction. Light of different frequencies is refracted by different amounts. Red is refracted the least and violet the most. This causes white light to be split up into seperate colours. Diffraction is the spreading out of a wave as it goes through a gap, or around an object. The smaller the gap or the larger the wavelength the greater the diffraction. Diffraction is most effective when the size of the gap is approximately the same as the wavelength of the wave. You will need to be able to draw diagrams showing how waves reflect, refract and diffract. Sound waves are caused by particles vibrating. The frequency of the vibration decides the pitch of the sound. The amplitude of the vibrations decides the loudness of the sound. Ultrasound waves are high frequency sound waves, which are beyond the human hearing range. Ultrasound is used for seeing babies in the womb, detecting cracks in metal and cleaning instruments. Waves can be represented on an oscilloscope screen, which can be used to measure the characteristics of the waves. You should be able to find the amplitude and time period of a wave from an oscilloscope screen. The electromagnetic spectrum is a series of waves that all travel at the same speed in a vacuum. They are all transverse. Each part of the spectrum has different uses and dangers. Each part of the spectrum has a different frequency and wavelength. Gamma waves are at the high frequency end of the spectrum. Radio waves are at the low frequency end. You will need to know the uses and dangers of each part of the spectrum. Different surfaces and materials absorb different frequencies of waves. White surfaces reflect most waves. Black surfaces absorb most waves. Information can be carried along copper cables as electrical signals, or long optical fibres as electromagnetic wave pulses. Optical fibres have advantages over copper cables. Optical fibres can carry more information; the signals can travel faster and lose less energy as they travel along the cable. There are two types of signals, analogue and digital. Analogue signals have a continuous range of values. Digital signals have only t wo values, on (1) and off (0). Digital signals have advantages over analogue signals. Digital signals are easier to transmit as they are less affected by noise; it is also possible to send more information, in a certain time, as a digital signal than as an anologue signal. Types of energy Energy can not be created or destroyed it can only change from one form into another. There are many types of energy including, †¢ sound †¢ heat †¢ light †¢ kinetic †¢ nuclear †¢ potential energy Kinetic energy is movement energy. Potential energy is stored energy. There are three main forms of potential energy including gravitational, chemical and elastic. Sankey diagrams can be used to represent energy changes. The size of the arrows represents the amount of that type of energy. Energy is measured in Joules, J or kilojoules, kJ. Conduction Heat energy always moves from hotter objects to colder objects. Heat energy is conducted through solids by particles vibrating and passing on the movement to neighbouring particles. Metals are best at conducting heat. As well as the vibrating particles, they move the heat energy by free electrons moving between their atoms. The poorest conductors are gases as their molecules are too far apart to affect each other much. Air is a very bad conductor. Most insulators work because of trapped air. Convection Convection is hot gases or liquids rising and cooler gases and liquids sinking to replace it. As substances heat up the density decreases, which is what makes them float. This movement of molecules is called a convection current. It can only happen in a gas or liquid where the molecules are free to move around. Radiation Radiated heat energy is infrared radiation. All hot objects radiate heat. Black, dull surfaces are the best emitters of heat radiation. Lighter, shinier surfaces are poor radiators of heat. Radiated heat can also be absorbed by cooler objects. Black is the best absorber. Surfaces coloured silver or white will reflect the radiated heat. Ways to save energy in the home Reducing heat losses from a home means less damage to the environment and lower heating bills. Installing insulation costs money. The payback time is how long it takes for the savings to cover the cost. Each strategy has to reduce conduction, convection, radiation or any combination of them. Common strategies are double-glazing, loft insulation, tank lagging, lined curtains, cavity wall insulation, blocking up disused fireplaces and putting foil behind radiators. Other conservation strategies include using of low-energy light bulbs, turning down heating thermostats, fitting draught excluders and switching off unattended appliances. Non-renewable fuels and power stations The fossil fuels are oil, gas and coal. They are non-renewable, which means that they can not be replaced. They will eventually run out. These fuels have many uses but the main ones are heating, transport and generating electricity. In power stations, the fuel is burnt and the heat turns water into steam. That steam pushes around a turbine that is connected to a generator. The generator produces electricity. This process is the same for all power stations. Nuclear power stations don't burn the fuel. Uranium fuel generates heat that turns water into steam just like in other power stations. Nuclear accidents are rare, but can be serious. The waste from the reactors can be radioactive. It is easy to store it safely for now but it will stay radioactive for years. Environmental impacts of burning fuels Carbon dioxide is the most common of several gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The result is global warming. This would result in the weather being more extreme and the ice caps melting raising the sea levels. Sulphur dioxide is the most common cause of acid rain. It dissolves in rainwater to form an acid. The acid rain harms plants, animals and stonework. Alternative energy sources Most of the alternative energy sources are renewable. This means there is either an endless supply of them so that they will not run out, or they can be easily replaced. Hydroelectric power is only possible where the geology is right, such as Scotland. Water runs fast down an incline and turns a turbine. Some developing countries get all their energy from HEP schemes on large dams. The large lake made behind the dam drastically alters the surroundings. Waves and tides have a lot of energy. Few schemes exist because of technological problems and environmental objections. Solar power converts the suns energy into electricity using solar panels. These panels are expensive to make. Wind farms are groups of wind turbines that generate electricity from wind. Some people don't like wind farms because they spoil the view or make a noise. Geothermal energy uses the natural heat in volcanic rock to generate electricity. Gas called methane is produced when matter rots. This gas can be used to generate heat to produce electricity. Burning rubbish is not a way to avoid pollution but it does preserve fossil fuels as well as avoid rubbish having to be put in landfill sites. Crops can be grown to be burnt in a power station. Another version of this is to process the crops into alcohol and use it instead of petrol in cars. Work is done whenever a force acts over a distance, e. g. a car motor produces a forward force to move the car a certain distance. Energy is measured in Joules, J. The work done or energy transferred can be calculated using: Work done or energy = force x distance When working out the work done the force must be in the same direction as the movement. If more than one force is acting in that direction then the resultant force must be used. Kinetic energy is the amount of movement energy an object has. Kinetic energy can be calculated using: Kinetic energy = ? x mass x velocity2 Gravitational potential energy is the extra amount of stored energy an object has because it is higher up. GPE can be calculated using: Change in gravitational potential energy = mass x gravity x change in height This is the same thing as GPE = weight x height Power is the rate at which work is done, or in other words, the amount of energy transferred per second. Power is measured in Watts, W or J/s. Power can be calculated using: Power = energy transferred / time taken Or Power = work done / time taken Energy is often lost to the surroundings as heat energy. This is wasted energy as it cannot be easily used again. Efficiency tells us how much energy is wasted when an energy transfer has happened. The more efficient something is the less energy that is wasted. Efficiency can be calculated using: Power out/power in*100 =efficiency in % Energy out/energy in*100=efficiency in % Static Electricity Static Charge Static charge is a charge that can't move. There are two kinds positive (+) and negative (-). All atoms contain positive particles (protons) and negative particles (electrons) but because they contain the same number of protons and electrons they have no overall charge. Static electricity is caused by an atom having too many or too few electrons (e-). A Van de Graff Generator is a machine that generates huge amounts of static charge, by rubbing electrons off a roller and depositing them on the metal dome. Induction and Earthing The basic rule you need to know is that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Induction – This is the effect caused when a charged object causes electrons in another object to move. This causes the uncharged object to become attracted to the charged object. Earthing – If enough charge builds up on an insulator, the charge can leap the gap, causing a spark. This can be prevented by discharging the object, gradually. This is called earthing. Useful Static Static electricity is used in many useful machines like photocopiers and smoke stacks (to remove pollution from the smoke). Nasty Static If clouds get charged up enough, you get lightning, the biggest spark of all. Static can also be dangerous when refuelling aircraft. The fuel rubs against the side of the hose and lots of charge builds up. If the plane isn't earthed, the spark can blow the plane up. Basic Circuits Current, Voltage and Resistances Current – This is a measure of the flow of electrons around a circuit (measured in Amperes or Amps). Voltage – This is a measure of how much energy the electrons are carrying around the circuit (measured in Volts). Resistance – This is a measure of how hard it is for the purple to travel through a part of the circuit (measured in Ohms). Direction Problem! Current flows from the positive (+ve) terminal of the battery to the negative (-ve). This is called conventional current flow. The problem is, electrons are negatively charged, so they want to get away from the -ve and go to the +ve. So if electrons are going left to right, you say that the current is going right to left. Circuits An ammeter needs to measure the flow of charge, so it is in series. This means that all the charge has to flow through it and can be counted. It also means that an ammeter needs to have a very low resistance. A voltmeter measures voltage across a component, which you may have heard as potential difference. This means it is in parallel and it also needs a high resistance (otherwise all the current would flow through the meter instead f the component). Series Circuits Current in series: same all the way round (all the current has to flow through everything). Voltage in series: voltages across each component add up to the total voltage supplied by the battery, as they have to share the voltage between them [(A) = (B) + (C) in the diagram]. Higher resistances will need more of the volt age. Final point – resistors in series: To work out the total resistance of two resistors, just add them together. This is because the current has to go through both of them. Parallel Circuits Voltage in parallel: all voltages the same. Current in parallel: the current is shared out between the branches, but recombines near the battery. In the diagram (A) = (B) + (C) = (D). How much current each branch gets depends on the individual resistors – bigger resistance = lower current. Resistance in parallel: you don't normally have to work out numbers, but the rule of thumb is that the total resistance of two resistors in parallel is less than the lowest individual resistor. Circuit Symbols Cells and Batteries: strictly speaking one cell represents 1. 5V, but of you write the voltage above it (e. g. 6V'), most people will understand the cell has 6 volts. Power Supplies: come in all shapes and sizes; just label them as you want. Switches: several types, I've shown the main two that you will come across Lamps/Bulbs: either symbol could be used – it doesn't matter. Resistors: a few types – Fixed, Variable (you can change the resistance), Thermistor (as it gets hotter, its resistance decreases) and Light Dependent Resistor or LDR (the more light that shines on it, the lower its resistance gets). Diode: A diode is like an electrical valve, it only lets current flow one way. If it is connected with the arrow pointing to the negative terminal, current can easily flow, if it is the other way round, it will block the current. A LED or Light Emitting Diode is just the same except it gives off light†¦ Ohmmeter: is connected directly to a resistor, of any kind, to find its resistance (no other circuit is used with it) Check in your syllabus to see if there are anymore you need to know! Know Your Formulae Ohm's Law The law actually says that the resistance of a metal conductor is the same whatever the current – unless it's getting hotter. However most people think of these equations when the law gets mentioned: V=IR and so on, Voltage (V) in Volts, Current (I) in Amps and Resistance (R) in Ohms. Charge (Q) in Coulombs, Time (t) in seconds and Power (P) in Watts. Always remember to show all your working out, including writing the formula properly (not just the triangle! ) and checking your units (e. g. check for mV or kW instead of V or W) Prefixes: These are little letters added to units to make them a different size, but always use the base unit if unsure. Base units are given in the topics, the ones to watch for are time (seconds) and mass (kilograms not grams). |Prefixes: |Name |Value: |Example: | |M |Mega |x 1,000,000 | 1MW = 1,000,000W | |k |kilo |x 1,000 |1kg = 1,000g | |c |centi |? 100 |1cm = 0. 01m | |m |milli |? 1,000 |1ms = 0. 001s | Mains Supply (AC and DC) We use two main sorts of electrical supplies, DC and AC. DC – This is Direct Current. The current flows in one direction only and has a consistent value. Provided by batteries or DC adaptors/transformers that plug into the mains supply. AC – This is Alternating Current. The current flows first one way then the other at a frequency of 50Hz. AC is what comes out of the mains sockets, usually at around 240V. The Ring Main This is the name given to the circuit in your home. You only need to know that it is a parallel circuit and that the lighting circuit is separate from the circuit for sockets. The National Grid This is the circuit that carries electricity all around the country, from the power stations to homes and businesses. Producing the Power Energy is produced by burning fuel which turns water to steam, this drives a turbine, which make electricity via a generator. This electricity is a very high voltage and is passed over the National grid to a step down station then passed straight to your home. Why the High Voltage? High voltage is used over the National grid, to keep current low. This stops energy being wasted. Energy and the Cost Kilowatt-hours (kWh) The kilowatt-hour is the common unit used by energy companies to measure electricity. This is a unit of energy not power or time. It is the amount of energy if a 1kW appliance was left on for 1 hour. The Cost 1kWh of electrical energy costs around 6p, though it may change depending on your supplier. So multiplying the number of Kilowatt-hours you use by the unit cost (approx 6p), give you the total cost of the electricity you use. Safety A common question is to give you a picture of domestic bliss and get you to identify the hazards, such as the person sticking their fingers in the toaster. Things to look for are: . bad wiring, 2. water near appliances, 3. too many double plugs/adaptors, 4. Frayed wires. Just use your common sense and you should get some easy marks! Wiring a Plug One big problem used to be wiring plugs. By law now, all new appliances are fitted with one already, which helps, but you do need to know what's going on inside there Fuses Fuses help protect the circuit aga inst faults. The key thing is to get the wire just thick enough to carry the current you want, but thin enough to melt if there is a current surge. Fuse Ratings Common sizes are 3, 5 and 13Amp fuses, but there are many others. Always choose one slightly higher than the current rating of the appliance, so that it doesn't blow under normal conditions. Circuit Breakers Fuses are not always effective at protecting you, so circuit breakers are also used. They automatically compare the current entering and leaving the circuit and even if there is the tiniest difference they ‘trip' off. Earth The Earth (yes, I do mean our planet) is very good at soaking up loose charge. The earth in your house is probably connected to the plumbing (goes to ground) or a large metal spike in the ground somewhere. Double Insulation If something is completely cased in an insulator, like plastic, it is said to be double insulated, and does not need earthing. You can't get a shock from the case! Atoms are made up of: †¢ protons; †¢ electrons; †¢ Neutrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and the electrons orbit the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge and neutrons have no charge. The shape of the atom was discovered using the alpha-scattering experiment. This showed the original plum-pudding model to be wrong! Atomic notation is used to describe atoms. The top number is the mass or nucleon number. It tells us how many protons and neutrons there are in the nucleus. The bottom number is the proton or atomic number, which tells us how many protons are in the nucleus. During reactions the total number of protons and neutrons must stay the same. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. It is this different number of neutrons that makes some isotopes unstable and radioactive. These isotopes are called radioisotopes. Ionisation is where an electron is removed from a neutral atom, leaving the atom with a positive charge. Radiation causes ionisation. This can be used to detect radiation, as the amount of ionisation can be measured with a Geiger-Muller tube. Ionisation can damage or kill living cells, this can cause cancer to develop. Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma waves are the three main types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay. All three types of radiation are emitted from the nucleus of the atom. When radiation is emitted the unstable atom loses energy to become more stable. If alpha or beta particles are emitted, new elements are formed because of the change in the number of protons in the nucleus. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation all behave slightly differently due to the way they are made up. Alpha ionises the most over a small distance but is not very penetrating. Gamma is the most penetrating but ionises less over the same distance. Decay equations can be used to work out what new daughter element will be produced when radioactive decay takes place. Safety precautions must be taken when handling radioactive substances. These include, using long handled tongs, pointing sources away from people, wearing lead lined clothing, not inhaling or eating sources. The half-life of a substance is the time it takes for half of the original parent atoms to decay. It is also the time it takes for the count rate of a substance to fall to half the original value. Radiation is used in medicine to cure cancer, in industry to detect the thickness of materials and in dating. Background radiation is radiation that is produced around us all of the time. Sources include certain rocks, cosmic radiation, radon gas in the air, nuclear waste and experiments, medical uses and some foods. The background radiation needs to be subtracted from experiment results on radioactivity.

Lactose Intolerant essays

Lactose Intolerant essays Lactose is the only common sugar that is of animal origin. Other sugars, such as sucrose and fructose, can be found only in plants. In nature, the only place you can find lactose is in the milk of mammals. Lactose is the principal carbohydrate found in milk, and composes about 2 to 8 percent of milk in all mammals. Although milk and other dairy products are the only natural sources of lactose, this sugar can also be found in many prepared foods. This information is particularly important to those who are lactose intolerant, meaning their bodies are unable to digest lactose. Some foods that may contain lactose include bread, breakfast cereals, lunch meats, and salad dressings. Under ordinary conditions of use and storage, lactose is stable and does not tend to react with the air around it. However, when heated to decomposition, lactose may form hazardous carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). In the human body, an enzyme called lactase decomposes lactose during the digestive process. Each lactose molecule is broken down into one glucose (C6H12O6) and one galactose (C6H12O6) molecule. When the word lactose is mentioned in everyday life, it is usually in the context of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body is unable to digest significant amounts of lactose. This condition is caused by a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is normally produced in the small intestine. During the normal digestive process, lactose is broken down by lactase into its component glucose and galactose subunits. These simple sugars are then absorbed from the digestive tract for use in the body. When there is not enough lactase to digest the lactose consumed, the unmetabolized lactose bui ...

12 diferencias entre ciudadanos y residentes permanentes legales

12 diferencias entre ciudadanos y residentes permanentes legales Las diferencias en derechos entre un ciudadano americano y un residente permanente legal son numerosas y de gran importancia. Es fundamental saber las diferencias porque aunque la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card, permite que un extranjero viva y trabaje legalmente en Estados Unidos, pero no le da los derechos que sà ³lo pueden tener los estadounidenses. En este artà ­culo adems de seà ±alar cules son las 12 diferencias fundamentales se recuerdan dos obligaciones comunes y se seà ±ala cul es el camino a seguir para pasar de ser residente permanente legal a ciudadano de los Estados Unidos. 12  ejemplos de derechos que sà ³lo tienen los ciudadanos estadounidenses 1. Votar, previa registracià ³n, en elecciones nacionales para elegir presidente de los Estados Unidos, senadores y congresistas. Este derecho se mantiene en la mayorà ­a de los casos aà ºn cuando el ciudadano reside habitualmente en otro paà ­s. Es decir, los expatriados pueden votar. 2. Acceder a ciertos empleos limitados a ciudadanos. Estas son las 50 profesiones con ms demanda en el gobierno federal, con sus salarios y nivel de educacià ³n que se pide. Incluso hay que tener en cuenta que ciertos empleos que requieren previa autorizacià ³n por motivos de seguridad (clearance) pueden estar vetados a ciudadanos americanos con doble nacionalidad. 3. Ser elegido representante de los ciudadanos. 4. Actuar como jurado en juicios civiles o penales. 5. Poder solicitar la residencia permanente para familiares  en ms casos y ms rpidamente que los que son solamente titulares de una tarjeta de residencia. Pero recordar que para solicitar los papeles para padres o hermanos los ciudadanos deben de haber cumplido los 21 aà ±os de edad. 6. Poder vivir en el extranjero sin là ­mite de tiempo. Sin embargo, los residentes sà ­ tienen que tener cuidado con el tiempo que pasan fuera de Estados Unidos, ya que pueden quedarse sin la residencia. 7. Si cometen crà ­menes o faltas, los ciudadanos son responsables penalmente y/o civilmente, pero no pierden derecho a vivir en EEUU. Por el contrario, los residentes pueden ser deportados. 8. Adems, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con la green card la ciudadanà ­a no se tiene que renovar, es para toda la vida. Sà ³lo se pierde en casos extremos o por actos voluntarios expresos. Esta es una lista de famosos estadounidenses que renunciaron a su nacionalidad por causas muy diversas, aunque en la mayorà ­a de los casos fue para no pagar impuestos. 9. Los ciudadanos pueden tener una doble nacionalidad. Ya que EU no exige a los ciudadanos que se naturalizan que renuncien a su ciudadanà ­a original. Sin embargo, el paà ­s de origen sà ­ que puede exigir que sus ciudadanos que renuncien a su nacià ³n de nacimiento al jurar lealtad a los Estados Unidos. 10. Sà ³lo los ciudadanos  pueden pedir una visa para sus prometidos extranjeros. La finalidad tiene que ser casarse en los Estados Unidos.  Adems, los familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos, como son su cà ³nyuge, hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os y los padres, gozan de ciertos beneficios migratorios, como la posibilidad de ajustar su estatus en ms casos, etc. 11. Son estadounidenses y tienen derecho al pasaporte americano los hijos de ciudadanos nacidos en el exterior, salvo con ciertas limitaciones. Y eso es porque pueden transmitir su ciudadanà ­a a sus hijos sin importar su lugar de nacimiento. Es lo que se conoce como derecho de sangre. 12. Otra importante diferencia entre los ciudadanos y los residentes permanentes es que ciertos beneficios sociales como los cupones de alimentos y Medicaid aplican de manera distinta a residentes y ciudadanos. Obligaciones comunes a ciudadanos y residentes Aunque el estatus de ciudadano y de residente es distinto, existen obligaciones comunes a ambos. Por ejemplo, la de registrarse para el Servicio Selectivo  o la de pagar impuestos. Naturalizarse para obtener la ciudadanà ­a americana Los residentes permanentes pueden solicitar naturalizarse  cuando cumplen el  tiempo de espera de los residentes para aplicar por la ciudadanà ­a americana  que varà ­a dependiendo del caso. Si lo que da miedo es el examen de inglà ©s y conocimientos cà ­vicos hay que saber que en algunos casos es posible rendir el examen en espaà ±ol. Asimismo, algunos discapacitados podrà ­an no tener que rendirlo. Tambià ©n es posible preparar el examen en las clases gratuitas para la ciudadanà ­a que brindan numerosas organizaciones en todo el paà ­s o tomar este quiz o test de respuestas mà ºltiples para saber  si aprobarà ­as el examen de naturalizacià ³n  sobre conocimientos cà ­vicos.   Actualmente, el proceso de naturalizacià ³n dura un promedio de cinco a seis meses y debe iniciarse rellenando correctamente el formulario N-400.

Organization Theory & Design Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization Theory & Design Bachelor - Essay Example FedEx has always been a leading innovator in changing how the world works and lives. By providing perspective on subjects that are critical to life and business today, we seek to call attention to these important topics and help others realize the benefits and opportunities associated with them. The company's mission is to produce superior financial returns for shareowners by providing high value-added supply chain, transportation, business and related information services through focused operating companies. Federal Express will be focused in the customers' satisfaction in the highest quality manner. The organization will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employee, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional standards. This study examines the organizational structure on firm performance, incentive problems, and financial decisions. The FedEx families of companies headquarter in Memphis, TN represents a $32 billion corporation that offers the broadest array of transportation, e-commerce and supply chain solutions in the world. At FedEx, more than 260,000 employees and contractors are personally dedicated to doing absolutely, positively whatever it takes to deliver for our customers' everyday. The FedEx family of companies is comprised of the following: FedEx Express - Reliable express delivery, usually in one to two business days, delivering to 220 countries. FedEx Ground - Dependable, small package ground service, including FedEx home delivery. FedEx Freight - Regional, less-than-truckload transportation for heavyweight freight FedEx Custom Critical - Non-stop, door to door delivery of time critical shipments whether its parts to keep a vital production line running, emergency generators to restore power after the storm, or a priceless piece of art that needs special handling. As North America's largest time-specific, critical-shipment carrier, FedEx Custom Critical provides pickup and delivery services throughout the U.S. and Canada within Europe - 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. FedEx Trade Networks - High-tech customs clearance solutions. FedEx Services - Information Technology, sales and marketing services for the FedEx companies. The Strategic Direction sector of FedEx was created to improve the strategic policy and planning capability, and strengthen its external liaison and partnerships-building capacity. The sector is responsible for providing advice and support to senior management in setting the strategic direction of the organization, and does so by ensuring FedEx direction is aligned with broader government priorities, and reflects emerging environmental trends and the imperatives of partners and clients. The sector incorporates a policy development and research capacity to improve FedEx input to emerging policy, and a rigorous environmental scanning capability to assess the socio- economic, technological, legal and political environment, both at the domestic and international levels. In addition, a strong internal and external communications component supports strategic policy and planning, and helps the FedEx achieve its identified priorities. FedEx main goal is to The responsible for the strategic direction of FedEx is Mr. Frederick W. Smith he is the chairman, president and chief