Obesity Strategies in the US

Obesity Strategies in the US Abstract The meaning of obesity is having too much body fat. It is a difference in being overweight and weighing too much. In some cases, genetics seem responsible; in others, various combinations of hormonal, metabolic, and behavioral factors appear to play a role. But in most cases, its hard to determine the exact cause of obesity. It mainly occurs when a person takes in over the amount of calories that he or she is currently burning. A person’s weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and even body water. These terms both mean that a persons weight is greater than what is considered healthy for a person’s height. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases. The rates of being overweight in the United States have had a drastically increased since the 1970s. About two-thirds of Americans are overweight or obese. It is very difficult enough for a doctor to figure out why an individual patient has accumulated excess body fat. Obesity among adults was defined as a BMI of 3 0 or higher; extreme obesity was defined as a BMI of 40 or higher. In this paper we will learn about obesity, from what it is, the meaning and calculations of BMI, the history of this American disease, why it still affects Americans, and discuss what can be done to possibly control this epidemic. Obesity in the United States today has become an enormous problem. In the last 3 decades, the number of people overweight has increased dramatically (Hill and Wyatt et al.). According to researchers at RTI International, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Prevention a study was conducted between 1998 and 2006 on the cost of obesity. One third of our adult population has become overweight. America is the richest but also the fattest nation in the world and our obesebacksides are the butt of jokes in every other country (Klein 28). Obesity is especially common in African Americans, some Hispanic populations, and Native Americans. Obesity is most common in women, and overweight is more common in men. The difference between obesity and overweight is that the term overweight refers to body weight that is at least 10 percent over the recommended weight for a certain individual. Obesity is generally defined as an excessive amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass. In numeric terms, obesity refers to a body weight that is at least 30 percent over the ideal weight for a specified height. Obesity was first recognized as a medical disorder by Greeks. In the Middle Ages and also Renaissance periods obesity was a common sign of wealth for the people. Throughout the 20th century when the populations in America reached their genetic potential for height, weight began increasing much more than height, resulting in obesity. In the 1950s increasing wealth in the developed world decreased child mortality, but as body weight increased heart and kidney disease became more common. Weight is viewed as an ideal issue has become lower since the 1920s. Obesity is still seen as a sign of wealth and well-being in Africa. Weight gain and obesity are caused by consuming more calories than the body needs – most commonly by eating a diet high in fat and calories, living a sedentary lifestyle, or both. The imbalance between calories consumed and calories burned can also be caused by a number of different physiological factors, including genetic and hormonal problems related to deficiencies in internal body functions. Obesity can begin at a very young age. Many children in our society are overweight, setting themselves up for serious health problems later in life. Type 2 diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart problems are just some of the risks. Children who are overweight also tend to feel less secure, less happy, and be stressed more than normal weight children do. They get teased, criticized, and judged. In many cases, the problem is not the child’s fault. Being overweight may run in that child’s family, or their parents do not encourage them tobe active and get enough exercise. Many children spend too much time indoors wasting away in front of the TV, playing video games, or spending time on the computer, and consuming high fat snacks, soft drinks and candy at the same time (Weight Management) More than half of all US adults are considered overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to prevent and treat obesity rather than just its associated comorbidities. Figures in this Article Recent estimates suggest that 1 in 2 adults in the United States is overweight or obese, defined by a body mass index (BMI) of higher than 25, an increase of more than 25% over the past 3 decades. These dramatic increases have occurred among the 3 major racial and ethnic groups and include both sexes (Must, Spadano, Coakley, Field, Colditz Dietz). BMI provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems. With being overweight their may come illnesses/diseases like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, Metabolic Syndrome, dyslipidemia, and Thyroid Conditions. Obesity is connected with diabetes because carrying extra body weight and body fat go hand and hand with the development of type 2 diabetes. People who are overweight are at much greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than normal weight individuals. Being overweight puts added pressure on the bodys ability to properly control blood sugar using insulin and therefore makes it much more likely for you to develop diabetes. Almost 90% of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. The number of diabetes cases among American adults jumped by a third during the 1990s, and more increases are expected. This rapid increase in diabetes is due to the growing prevalence of obesity and extra weight in the United States population (Must, Spadano, Coakley, Field, Colditz Dietz). Heart disease is an increasing illness in adults that are obese and overweight, which causes the victim to fall into a heart attack, congestive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and abnormal heart rhythm more often than those that maintain a healthy body mass index. Obesity can often raise the risk of heart disease because of its negative effect on blood lipid levels, something which increases in obese patients, and increase triglyceridelevels and decrease high-density lipoprotein, also known as HDL or â€Å"good cholesterol.† Obesity continues to be one of Americas most mentioned topics in the media today. The cause of this is because Americans eat out entirely too often. We do not make the right menu choices, and most importantly we are not active enough to compensate for the intake of high calorie foods consumed every day (Jay Sorensen). Even though obesity is currently rising in America there are ways to control it because obesity in some cases is heredity. You can usually lose weight through dietary changes, increased physical activity and behavior changes. In some cases, prescription medications or weight-loss surgery may be options. Exercise is more useful to burn fat as it speeds up metabolism. Exercise in any form like walking, swimming, cycling, playing football ,workout with machines or yoga just for 30-35 minutes per day will not only helpful to control weight but also reduces risk of serious cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis etc. Some people go dieting or on very strict diet regime to control obesity but that is not safe solution because after some days the person get bored and dont want to be on control regime . Maintain regular meal times and have balanced meals. Uncontrolled eating habits also contribute to weight gain. Unhealthy diets and physical inactivity are among some of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. 2.7 million deaths are attributable to diets low in fruits and vegetables. With today’s technology, physical activity is not very hard to get access to. You have different systems this like Nintendo Wii, Kinect for Xbox 360, PlayStation Move for PS3, Video games are often the source of hours of fun not just for little kids but for big kids as well. The big problem is the strong correlation of sitting for long periods and the development of obesity. (Video Games And Obesity, n.d.). Many different studies have to children and young adults to prove that movement has been the result in weight lose. According to a study done by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition which was to evaluate the effect of active video games over a 6 month period on weight, body composition, physical activity, and physical fitness. A total of 322 overweight and obese children aged 10–14 year old, who were current users of video games, were randomly assigned to receive either an active video game upgrade package or to have no change. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in body mass index. Secondary outcomes were changes in percentage body fat, physical activity, cardio respiratory fitness, video game play, and food snacking. The result was that after 24 weeks, the treatment effect on BMI favored the intervention group. The change in BMI from baseline increased in the control group, but remained the same in the intervention group. There was also evidence of a reduction in body fat in the intervention group. The change in daily time spent playing active video games at 24 weeks in creased with the intervention accompanied by a reduction in the change in daily time spent playing non-active video games. An active video game intervention has a small but definite effect on BMI and body composition in overweight and obese children (Maddison, Foley, Mhurchu, Jiang, Jull, Prapavessis, Hohepa Rodgers). The National institutes of Health states video games have become increasingly popular among young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if interactive video games, requiring physical activity to play, increase the energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) of young adults enough to elicit a training response (Siegel Shannon). Thirteen male and female participants were in the study. Participants were familiarized with equipment and allowed to practice with three games, moving and striking lighted pads, riding a bike to increase the pace of a race car, and boxing against a video simulated opponent. A portable metabolic cart and HR monitor were attached to participants to measure baseline and exercise values. Participants could play any of the three games for 30 minutes while metabolic and HR data were collected. Exercise data were compared to baseline measures, and the 3 games were compared for EE. Paired sample t-tests showed baseline and exercise values differed for HR. The boxing game provided the highest. Participants achieved 60% or better of their HR reserve well within the guidelines for training HR. Caloric expenditure during the 30-minute exercise session is also within the recommendations for daily physical activity. Thus, interactive video games that require physical activity to play can be utilized as part of an overall aerobic exercise program (Siegel Shannon). The Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) is a nearly 50,000 member-strong 501(c)(3) National non-profit organization dedicated to giving a voice to the individual affected by the disease of obesity and helping individuals along their journey toward better health through education, advocacy and support. The Obesity Society is the leading scientific society dedicated to the study of obesity. Since 1982, The Obesity Society has been committed to encouraging research on the causes and treatment of obesity, and to keeping the medical community and public informed of new advances ( Dea). The Obesity Societys membership reaches more than 2,000 basic and clinical researchers, who have published extensively, and care providers in obesity treatment and prevention ( Dea). Shape Up America! Is a 501(c) 3 not-for-profit organization committed to raising awareness of obesity as a health issue and to providing responsible information on healthy weight management? . Reference Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Reed, G. W., Peters, J. C. (2003). Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here? Science, 299(5608), 853-855. Obesity Costs U.S. About $147 Billion Annually, Study Finds. (n.d.). RTI International: Obesity Costs U S About 147 Billion Annually Study Finds. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.rti.org/newsroom/news.cfm Understanding Obesity. (n.d.). Obesity In America. Retrieved February 24, 2014, from http://obesityinamerica.org/understanding-obesity/ Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E. H., Field, A. E., Colditz, G., Dietz, W. H. (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 282(16), 1523-1529. Ravussin, PhD, Eric , and Donna Ryan, MD. Your Weight and Obesity . Obesity Society . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. . Obesity and Heart Disease. Obesity and Heart Disease. N.P., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. Sorensen, J. (2014, January 3). Obesity In America. Obesity In America. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://www.foodandnutrition.net/nutrition/obesity Body Mass Index. (2013, December 6). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing Helpful tips to control obesity. (n.d.). Helpful tips to control obesity. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://netties.net/control.htm Video Games And ObesityAddiction or Entertainment. (n.d.). Video Games And Obesity. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from http://www.helpcurechildobesity.com/video-games-and-obesity.html Maddison, R., Foley, L., Mhurchu, C. N. (2010, November 25). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Effects of active video games on body composition: a randomized controlled trial. Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/94/1/156.short Siegel, S. R., Haddock, B. L., Dubois, A. M., Wilkin, L. D. (2009). Active video/arcade games (exergaming) and energy expenditure in college students. International journal of exercise science, 2(3), 165. Obesity. (n.d.). Obesity. Retrieved April 14, 2014, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123702-overview

Images to Text

Also, the e-governance model is not so strong and hence to ensure compliance and to avoid unnecessary litigation with the various government legislations across countries, companies main overcautious in their approach leading to â€Å"death by paper Most Back-end systems are fairly automated and where the transactions are electronically processed the STEP rates are Increasing day to day. While there Is a focus on STEP and targets set to minimize paper usage there Is still considerable amount of manual work in terms of form filling, Applications for Mutual Funds, Telecoms, Credit Cards etc†¦Manual Processing of Application Forms from multiple Customers is a laborious/time- consuming and highs process. Even though the OCCUR technology has been in vogue he accuracy rates of conversion of manual handwritten Information to text are extremely low and hence Industry acceptance has been low as it adds to the risk and complexity of the transactions. These are confidential information an d cannot be shredded publicly or stored without proper controls / documentation.The Companies these days have a dual blow hit on the bottom lines – archival of soft copies and archival of the papers as most auditors world wide continue to remain paper based and it adds as a â€Å"comfort† to the Top Management. There is a significant Operational Risk for any manual function right from reanimating the paper to the execution of the operation. Several errors occur while reproducing the information from paper to system. Generally the errors seem as Common Sense in hindsight but with the huge volumes and extremely stringent cut- offs human lapses are bound to happen.More the number of fields, operation required – greater the probability of errors to occur. It has been seen that multiple levels of control (Maker, Checker, Authorizer etc†¦ ) are still not sufficient to capture such errors. Simple Illustration This is a simple redemption form which is generally man ually submitted to: Tat's front office 0 Back office of the TA 0 Settlements team 0 Payments team Found Accounting team – The Application is generally printed tallest times by different teams. Duplication of data fields across various teams – There are tallest 2 checklists printed for each form – Minimum of 12 to 15 data fields are to be input in the system manually by looking at the form About (Image To Data) â€Å"IT'D† Tool IT'D Tool is an Application/Utility for processing of Images (. PDF, Jpg, Jeep) / scanned images and converting them to data. The data converted is stored in database which can be integrated to the Transaction Processing system.Algorithms to scan the Application Form Image to ASCII Format Representation which is further processed in Java for normal/plain text conversion and subsequently stored into the Database (Oracle/ MYSELF) IT'D provisions global configuration settings to externalities the dependencies involved in processing and storing the Application Form Data Proposed Model Define Analyze Analyses Content Required Fields a. Standardization Forms Identification of b. Fields Definition Fields computerized text with I'. Fields with Manual Text iii.Barrowed / OCCUR fields Identifying which information / fields are elevate for processing Extract Automate Content Extraction Process Automation a. Extract the requisite fields in text / editable data format using â€Å"IT'D Tool† developed by NICE b. Determining how much the text is computerized / manual c. Identifying fields which have to remain as images only for cross-verification e. G. Signature b. Since accuracy cannot be 100% guaranteed the process SHOULD continue to follow the Maker / Checker process a. Convert data extracted to XML for c.v. for upload purposes b.Interface to be created for Integration with Transaction Processing System c. Workflow to be designed based on the success percentage of data conversion d. Logical Access Controls validate d Overview of Architecture Application Form Scanning Imaginative Engine Send Processed Form Data to DB Store Scanned Enterprise Architecture Integration (EAI) Automatic Integration Capability with any other legacy systems External Systems / Databases oracle/MYSELF Benefits Productivity: We expect the product to deliver results with over 80% accuracy.This would mean a significant cycle time reduction and the company should be able to reduce manpower by tallest 40% in the first year of implementation Risk Management: Without dilution of controls the manual intervention is reduced by over 80%. The team will be provided with a dashboard of exceptions which will highlight potential areas of errors. â€Å"Management by Exception† Scalability: Increased volumes do not correspond to increase in man-power cost.On-boarding of any new volumes / client would be a cake walk Client Delight: With lower manual intervention TAT would improve significantly thereby significantly improving the T imeliness and delighting the client with â€Å"Early to Market† reports Go Green: The entire process including Checklists can be based in the system hereby doing away with print-outs and their associated costs / maintenance issues.We would be contributing our bit to protect the environment Placement Services Statutory Compliance COMA, MOM Executive Education, CA Flexi-staffing Payroll Processing Soft Skills, Personality Development Trainings Start up Hiring Organizational Structuring Manufacturing Top Line Improvement Project Report / Funding Risk Based Internal Audit Credentials Verification Finance, Risk Management and Audits Programs for Educational Institute Statistical ProcessControl Advisory Software Marketing Software Support Accounting Services Funding & Business Plans Compliance Monitoring Software Development Indirect Taxation & International Non-Resident Taxation Application Development Software Maintenance Networking Support Identifying the Type of Registration Re gistration across various Acts Management and Legal Consultancy Functional Testing Non-functional Testing Core Services Performance Engineering Corporate Synopsis Our Organizational behavior and Management Strategy to achieve our Vision Focused Actions

Dramaturgical Analysis Essay

In life we all act differently depending on who we are with and the situation at hand. In almost every situation we act in a different way, with our friends in public, with our family members at home, with coworkers, and most importantly our boss in a work environment. Depending on who we are with you could say our personality changes. As humans we know how to act in every situation, at work you would dress more formal, whereas going out with a group of friends you would dress more causal. Along with our looks changing, we also change our behaviors, the way we talk, sit, the tone of your voice, etc. At a doctor’s office, the receptionist must play a defined role. She has to act polite, caring, professional, and must remain discreet about her patient’s information and conditions. The receptionist is 27 year old Hispanic woman, she works at the doctor’s office from 8 am to 5 pm. She is acting in a professional manner, well maintained, dressed in scrubs with closed toe shoes. I would describe the receptionist as upper middle class social status. The receptionist sits at her front desk in the middle of the doctor’s office and greets all the patients. She is in charge of all the paper work, appointments, and all the patient’s charts. While analyzing the receptionist in her work environment I noticed many front stage behaviors and backstage behaviors (concepts used to describe the relationship between the roles actors play at a given moment and the various audiences these roles involve). For example, she would talk to almost everyone with respect, especially her patients and boss. Then when no one was around, I noticed that she was very rude to her coworkers. By looking at her coworkers facial expressions it was obvious to see they didn’t like the receptionist. When the boss was around the receptionist would act very professional and caring towards everyone. Right when he would leave the room she would start doing different things that I’m sure wasn’t involved with her job. I noticed she was on her cell phone a lot, texting and talking in a very rude way to people and mostly about her personal problems, even though she was supposed to be working and taking care of her patients. When the boss would walk into the room she would quickly hide her cell phone and act as if she is working. The receptionist never noticed that I was observing her every move therefore I was able to see her front stage and backstage behavior. We all have these behaviors, but I was shocked to see that this receptionist showed both her personality sides at a professional working environment. Using an approach, like dramaturgy, helped me to analyze social interaction in a more interesting and complex way. If I had been just simply observing the receptionist I would have never payed attention to her backstage behavior. By using a dramaturgical approach I noticed how her personality would change depending on if the boss was in the room or not. This approach provides us with a deeper understanding on how humans think and act. In life most of us only show our good side to people especially at work, therefore I was surprised to have been able to see the receptionist rude side. I think if the receptionist had known that I was observing her she would have acted only in front stage behavior. This assignment was very beneficial to me it helped me to take a deeper look at what microsociologists do. Now I have a different perspective on how people act. I knew that humans act differently in public than they do in private but I had never seen it happen in real life which made this assignment so much more interesting to me. I think it is really important to know how to act in every situation. Some people do not understand that a work environment needs to remain professional whereas going out with your friends can be more social and personal. Overall I enjoyed this assignment because it opened up my mind to bigger ideas. It made me think if a person can act like this in work environment imagine how they act with friends, people they like, and just imagine seeing people they don’t like in public. It made me think that if the receptionist wasn’t scared to talk rudely to her coworkers in the office imagine how she would act if she saw them in public. From now on I think I will always be using the dramaturgical approach because it provides us with a richer meaning and deeper understanding of human behavior.

Mental Health Issues Of The United States - 1175 Words

Mental Health Issues Mental health issues, a shadowed problem in the U.S, has affected millions across the nation. In the United States there are many problems with its mental health service. People with mental disorders are in an inferior area with hospitals being shut down, they usually end up homeless, and sometimes they even end up in prison. Consequently, the U.S pays a large amount of money to go into holding these prisoners who could have been in mental hospitals. In addition to mental hospitals being closed, some people do not receive treatment or help towards their problems. There are many types of mental disorders, but not all of us know what they are. The first type is a mood disorder. Mood disorders are mental disturbances in one’s mood. Some of these are mania, depression and Bipolar disorder, which is a combination of both mania and depression. In mania you get extreme happiness and in depression you get extreme sadness. Furthermore, mania can cause rage and mumble of speech from being over active, and 15% of people with depression causes suicide. These can fluctuate on and off for each one. Next, there are anxiety disorders which cause excessive and unreasonable fear and anxiousness. Types of anxiety disorders include panic disorders which give you panic attacks and OCD, also known as Obsessive-compulsive disorder, which gives you illogical thoughts or impulses. Then there is generalized anxiety which causes constant fear without obvious knowledge of theShow MoreRelatedMental Health Issues Of The United States1177 Words   |  5 PagesMental health issues, a shadowed problem in the U.S, has affected millions across the nation. In the United States, there are many problems with its mental health service. People with mental disorders are in an inferior area with hospitals being shut down, they usually end up homeless, and sometimes they even end up in prison. 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